<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>MixedModelsInR</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>33</revnumber><date>2013-03-08 10:28:25</date><authorinitials>localhost</authorinitials><revremark>converted to 1.6 markup</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>32</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 18:28:43</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>31</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 18:23:36</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>30</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 18:23:16</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>29</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:31:28</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>28</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:25:13</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>27</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:24:17</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>26</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:23:40</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>25</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:22:40</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>24</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:20:45</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>23</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:19:59</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>22</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:18:35</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>21</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 13:17:48</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>20</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:24:57</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>19</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:23:48</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>18</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:20:00</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>17</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:17:08</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>16</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:14:46</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>15</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:11:45</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>14</revnumber><date>2010-07-01 11:04:54</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>13</revnumber><date>2010-06-23 09:38:01</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>12</revnumber><date>2010-06-23 09:37:42</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>11</revnumber><date>2010-06-23 09:36:39</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>10</revnumber><date>2010-06-23 09:30:16</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>9</revnumber><date>2010-06-23 09:29:16</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>8</revnumber><date>2010-06-23 09:28:56</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>7</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:25:52</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:24:33</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:23:21</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:22:55</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:20:38</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:17:23</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>1</revnumber><date>2010-06-22 18:11:07</date><authorinitials>IanNimmoSmith</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><section><title>Tutorial on using Mixed Models ANOVA in R</title><section><title>Sample data</title><para>Here is the header and first 10 lines of data from the file <code>cleaned_small_1.csv</code>. (The names of the variables will be read from the header line and have been shortened to a maximum of 7 characters just for legibility here.) </para><screen><![CDATA[Subject Session Respons RT      Trial   Item    Accur   Task    Freq    N       LexStat
b       2       4       639     2       earn    correct S       H       L       W
b       2       5       596     3       suif    correct S               L       P
b       2       5       407     4       nomad   error   S       L       L       W
b       2       4       432     5       monk    correct S       L       L       W
b       2       4       509     6       gentle  correct S       H       H       W
b       2       5       699     7       lafe    correct S               H       P
b       2       5       990     8       tase    correct S               H       P
b       2       4       430     9       animal  correct S       H       L       W
b       2       5       705     10      swinch  correct S               H       P
b       2       4       566     11      lesson  correct S       H       H       W
...]]></screen><para>Here's the structure: </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Subject</emphasis>: 15 subjects. </para></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Session</emphasis>: 2,3,5,6. The experiment contains four sessions.  </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>Session 2 and 3 are normal lexical decision task in which participants are told to distinguish between words and pseudowords.  </para></listitem><listitem><para>Session 5 and 6 are lexical decision with a deadline in which participants are told to make a very quick response (before 460ms).  </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Respons</emphasis>: which button they pressed. Participants are instructed to press right button when they see words and press the left button when they see pseudowords.  </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>4=right hand </para></listitem><listitem><para>5=left hand.  </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Trial</emphasis>: order of stimuli presentation in each session </para></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Item</emphasis>: words or pseudowords presented to participants </para></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Accur</emphasis>: correct responses or errors </para></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Task</emphasis>:  </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>S=normal lexical decision </para></listitem><listitem><para>D=lexical decision with a deadline </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Frequency</emphasis>:  </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>H=high frequency words </para></listitem><listitem><para>L=low frequency words </para></listitem><listitem><para>Pseudowords don't have this parameter.  </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">N</emphasis>:  </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>L=low neighbourhood size </para></listitem><listitem><para>H=high neighbourhood size. </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem><listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">LexStat</emphasis>: </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>W=words </para></listitem><listitem><para>P=pseudowords.  </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>Importing the data</title><screen><![CDATA[datafile <- "~/mixed_models_in_R/cleaned_small_1.csv"
sampledata <- read.table(datafile, head=T, row.names=NULL, sep=",")
# sampledata is a 'table', one of the basic R data structures.
]]><![CDATA[
names(sampledata)
# the list of variables in data
]]><![CDATA[
sampledata$session <- as.factor(sampledata$Session)
# session was interpreted as a numeric variable but we want to
# treat it as a factor - checked by is.factor(sampledata$session) evaluating as FALSE
]]><![CDATA[
sampledata$RT <- as.numeric(sampledata$RT)
# RT was interpreted as a factor because there is a 'space' lurking
# somewhere as one of its values - checked by in.numeric(RT) evaluating as FALSE  ]]></screen><para>attach(sampledata)  # this means we can reference variables directly # e.g. Subject rather than sampledata$Subject </para></section><section><title>Simple data checking</title><screen><![CDATA[hist(RT)]]></screen><para>produces this histogram which was saved as a png graphics file  <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-01.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/methods/MixedModelsInR/methods/MixedModelsInR?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Histo_RT.png"><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-01.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/methods/MixedModelsInR?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Histo_RT.png" width="450"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>histogram</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></ulink> </para></section><section><title>Resources</title><para><ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-01.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/methods/MixedModelsInR/methods/MixedModelsInR/Resources#">/Resources</ulink> </para></section></section></article>