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A more powerful form of chi-square specifically tests for a linear trend in proportions across groups. For example, proportion remembered correctly using a memory aid. Example Time1 Time2 Time3 Correct 3 6 10 Incorrect 9 6 2 Does the proportion correct change linearly over time? The chi-square testing the presence of a linear trend is outputted by SPSS CROSSTABS as the Linear-by-Linear association term. The lack of fit is the difference between the Pearson chi-square value and the linear-by-linear one. Chi-square Degrees of Freedom Linear 7.96 on 1 p=.005 Lack of fit 0.29 on 1 p=.130 Total 8.25 on 2 (Pearson chi-square) So there is a linear trend providing a reasonable fit. Denoting the time points by –1,0 and 1 and regressing these on the observed |
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