|
Size: 0
Comment:
|
Size: 3358
Comment:
|
| Deletions are marked like this. | Additions are marked like this. |
| Line 1: | Line 1: |
| == Linear trend test on proportions == A more powerful form of chi-square specifically tests for a linear trend in proportions across groups. For example, proportion remembered correctly using a memory aid. Example ||||||||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> ||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''Time 1''' ||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''Time 2'''||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''Time 3''' || ||||||||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Correct ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 3 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 6 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 10 || ||||||||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Incorrect ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 9 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 6 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 2 || Does the proportion correct change linearly over time? The chi-square testing the presence of a linear trend is outputted by SPSS CROSSTABS as the Linear-by-Linear association term ( also called the Mantel-Haenszel statistic). Linear-by-linear association = $$r^text{2} (N-1)$$ where r is the Pearson correlation of the rows (correct/incorrect) with the columns (group) and N is the total sample size. The lack of fit is the difference between the Pearson chi-square value and the linear-by-linear one. ||||||||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''Model''' ||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''Chi-square''' ||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''Df'''||<25% style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> '''p-value''' || ||||||||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Linear ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 7.96 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 1 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.005 || ||||||||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Lack of Fit ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.29 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 1 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.130 || ||||||||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Total ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 8.25 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 2 ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.004 || ||||||||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> (Pearson Chi-square) ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> ||<25% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> || So there is a linear trend providing a reasonable fit. Denoting the time points by –1,0 and 1 and regressing these on the observed proportions correct give regression estimates of the above linear trend. The Pearson chi-square lack of fit term is (O-E)*(O-E)/E where O are observed table frequencies and E are expected frequencies using the expected proportions from the linear regression. ||||||||<70% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Observed proportion correct ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.33 ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.50 ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.83 || ||||||||<70% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> Expected proportion correct ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.30 ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.55 ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> 0.80 || ||||||||<70% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> (Fitting a linear trend) ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> ||<10% style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top"> || You can also compare linear trends of proportions in [:FAQ/poly: SPSS LOGISTIC.] '''Reference:''' Everitt, BS and Wykes T.(1999) A Dictionary for Psychologists. Arnold:London. (See page 31). |
Linear trend test on proportions
A more powerful form of chi-square specifically tests for a linear trend in proportions across groups. For example, proportion remembered correctly using a memory aid.
Example
|
Time 1 |
Time 2 |
Time 3 |
|||
Correct |
3 |
6 |
10 |
|||
Incorrect |
9 |
6 |
2 |
|||
Does the proportion correct change linearly over time?
The chi-square testing the presence of a linear trend is outputted by SPSS CROSSTABS as the Linear-by-Linear association term ( also called the Mantel-Haenszel statistic).
Linear-by-linear association = $$r^text{2} (N-1)$$
where r is the Pearson correlation of the rows (correct/incorrect) with the columns (group) and N is the total sample size.
The lack of fit is the difference between the Pearson chi-square value and the linear-by-linear one.
Model |
Chi-square |
Df |
p-value |
|||
Linear |
7.96 |
1 |
0.005 |
|||
Lack of Fit |
0.29 |
1 |
0.130 |
|||
Total |
8.25 |
2 |
0.004 |
|||
|
(Pearson Chi-square) |
|
|
|||
So there is a linear trend providing a reasonable fit.
Denoting the time points by –1,0 and 1 and regressing these on the observed proportions correct give regression estimates of the above linear trend. The Pearson chi-square lack of fit term is (O-E)*(O-E)/E where O are observed table frequencies and E are expected frequencies using the expected proportions from the linear regression.
Observed proportion correct |
0.33 |
0.50 |
0.83 |
|||
Expected proportion correct |
0.30 |
0.55 |
0.80 |
|||
(Fitting a linear trend) |
|
|
|
|||
You can also compare linear trends of proportions in [:FAQ/poly: SPSS LOGISTIC.]
Reference:
Everitt, BS and Wykes T.(1999) A Dictionary for Psychologists. Arnold:London. (See page 31).