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| For a theoretical background and details of specialist software have a look at graduate seminar on power at the [[StatsCourse2006|Graduate Statistics Programme October-December 2006]]. There is also [[http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/aphome/cc16work.doc|a worked example]] using "Method 2" on a t-test. | For a theoretical background and details of specialist software have a look at graduate seminar on power at the [[StatsCourse2006|Graduate Statistics Programme October-December 2006]]. There is also [[http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/aphome/cc16work.doc|a worked example]] using "Method 2" on a t-test. [[attachment:vif.pdf | F. Y. Hsieh, Philip W. Lavori, Harvey J. Cohen and John R. Feussner (2003) An Overview of Variance Inflation Factors for Sample-Size Calculation ]] ''Eval Health Prof'' '''26''' 239-257 mentions various formulae for power calculations. Note in some cases one needs to inflate the total sample size required if there is a natural clustering in the data such as patients being assessed by different exercise therapists. For example if there are b patients assessed by each exercise therapist with an intra-therapist correlation (ICC) then the design effect equals 1 + [(b-1)ICC]. The total sample needs to be multiplied by this design effect to give sample size adjusted for the clustering effect. |
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| Additional power freeware (including the popular G*POWER (currently version 3)) is available for download from [[http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/biostat/sampsize.html#PCSize|here.]] Some examples using G*POWER 3 are in Howell (2013). | Additional power freeware (including the popular G*POWER (currently version 3)) is available for download from [[http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/biostat/sampsize.html#PCSize|here.]] Some examples using G*POWER 3 are in Howell (2013). There are also some power calculators mentioned in the Power Grad talks and [[http://www.ai-therapy.com/psychology-statistics/effect-size-calculator | here.]] |
Power computations
Power computations can be performed in SPSS and R only using syntax. For SPSS users Chris Aberson has syntax for power calculations in his book. See reference below.
For a theoretical background and details of specialist software have a look at graduate seminar on power at the Graduate Statistics Programme October-December 2006. There is also a worked example using "Method 2" on a t-test. F. Y. Hsieh, Philip W. Lavori, Harvey J. Cohen and John R. Feussner (2003) An Overview of Variance Inflation Factors for Sample-Size Calculation Eval Health Prof 26 239-257 mentions various formulae for power calculations.
Note in some cases one needs to inflate the total sample size required if there is a natural clustering in the data such as patients being assessed by different exercise therapists. For example if there are b patients assessed by each exercise therapist with an intra-therapist correlation (ICC) then the design effect equals 1 + [(b-1)ICC]. The total sample needs to be multiplied by this design effect to give sample size adjusted for the clustering effect.
Sample sizes required for a given power
Power required for given sample sizes
Additional power freeware (including the popular G*POWER (currently version 3)) is available for download from here. Some examples using G*POWER 3 are in Howell (2013). There are also some power calculators mentioned in the Power Grad talks and here.
References
Aberson CL (2010) Applied power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge:London. This book contains examples of computing effect sizes and power using SPSS.
Howell DC (2013) Statistical methods for psychology. 8th Edition. International Edition. Wadsworth:Belmont,CA.