NeuroanatomyTutorial - MRC CBU Imaging Wiki

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Jessica's neuroanatomy tutorial

(compiled by Jessica Grahn)

You can also use an interactive brain atlas.


brain_lobes.gif

If only the brain really did come in colours...


Orientation descriptions


planes.GIF

* Coronal - Sections looking head-on, parallel to the face
* Sagittal - Sections parallel to the side of the head
* Horizontal / transverse / axial - sections parallel to the floor



Orientation.gif

* Anterior / rostral- towards the front
* Posterior / caudal - towards the back
* Superior / dorsal - towards the top
* Inferior / ventral - towards the bottom
* Medial - towards the midline
* Lateral - towards the sides


The AC / PC line


The line joining the Anterior Commissure (AC) and Posterior Commissure (PC)

ACPCline.png


The Cerebellum


(Schmahmann, J.D., et al., Neuroimage, 1999, 10:233-260. )

cerebellum_gammasurf_lobes.jpg
gamma_sagslice.gif


The Basal Ganglia


Caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus (also called pallidum by AAL template).

BG.png BG_nooutline.png



The caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum (the most ventral outline)


Nature_ventral_striatum.jpg



The Thalamus


Thalamus.png



The Colliculi


Superior colliculus and inferior colliculus.
In the z direction, once you see the colliculi, you are not in the thalamus anymore
The upper left picture has crosshairs on the superior colliculus, the rest are centred on the inferior colliculus.

colliculi.png



Brodmann Areas


In the cortex, Brodmann areas are often used in conjunction with anatomical lables to help specify an area.

brainbrodmannareas.gif

1, 2, 3 = primary sensory cortex
4 = motor cortex
5, 7 = secondary sensory cortex
6 = supplementary motor area (medial) and premotor cortex (lateral)
8 = frontal eye fields
9/46 = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
10 = frontopolar cortex
11, 12 = orbitofrontal areas
17 = primary visual cortex
18, 19, 20, 21, 37 = secondary visual cortex
24, 32 = anterior cingulate cortex
41 = primary auditory cortex
22, 42 = secondary auditory cortex
39 = angular gyrus, part of Wernicke's area
40 = supramarginal gyrus, part of Wernicke's area
44/45 = Broca's Area
47 Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
(13, 14, 15, 16, 27, 49, 50, 51 - monkey only)
Brodmann area 48 was described by Brodmann, but does not appear in his maps.



The medial temporal lobe


  • - hippocampus
    - parahippocampal gyrus (roughly corresponds to parts of Brodmann areas 27, 28, 34, 35, 36)
    - amygdala
    - fusiform gyrus (roughly corresponds to parts of Brodmann areas 19, 37).


HC.png HCPHCFGamyg2.png



The lateral temporal lobe


  • - Inferior temporal gyrus (ITG)
    - Middle temporal gyrus (MTG)
    - Superior temporal gyrus (STG)
    - Heschl's Gyrus (HG), also called transverse temporal gyrus. Contains primary auditory cortex
    - Temporal poles


LateralTemporal1.png LateralTemporal2.png



The supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas


SMA and pre-SMA, medial Brodmann area 6
The dividing line between the pre-SMA and the SMA is often considered to be the plane of y = 0.

SMApre-SMA.png



The anterior cingulate


Generally taken to have cognitive (red) and affective (blue) divisions.
Brodmann areas 24 and 32.
An excellent review (from which this figure was taken) is available here
cingulate.PNG



The frontal lobe


  • - Superior (red), middle (blue), and medial (greeen on midline) frontal gyri.
    - The inferior frontal gyrus is divided into pars opercularis (pink), pars triangularis (green), and pars orbitalis (yellow)
    - Brodmann area 44 = Broca's area
    - Brodmann area 45/47 = Ventrolateral prefronal cortex (VLPFC)
    - Brodmann areas 9/46 = Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)


frontal_lobe.png frontal_lobe_Rwhite.png brainbrodmannareas_2.gif



The parietal lobe


  • - Brodmann areas 5 (green) and 7 (yellow) = superior parietal lobule
    - Brodmann areas 39 (red) and 40 (blue) = inferior parietal lobule
    - Brodmann area 39 = angular gyrus
    - Brodmann area 40 = supramarginal gyrus


parietal_rend_posterior.png parietal_rend_posterior45.png parietal_rend_posterior90.png

The Intraparietal sulcus divides superior and inferior lobules (yellow line on picture below)

intraparietal_axial.jpg



The occipital lobe


  • - Brodmann area 17 = primary visual cortex (blue)
    - Brodmann 18 and 19 = secondary cortex (red and green)


occipital_rend_posterior.png


Structural and functional anatomy related to the visual system: a nice picture (from American Scientist magazine).


clip_image001.jpg




A very comprehensive neuroanatomy site covering the entire brain: neuroimaging/vasculature/syndromes/pathology and quizzes.

This is an excellent site with MRIs, cadaver brains, and animations of brain structures (and you can quiz yourself!).

The fMRI for Newbies site is filled with excellent information, including a page on functional anatomy.

Clickable MRI and modelled brain sections yoked together.
Click on Brain or detailed Brain.
Once you've loaded the brain, read the buttons at the top and experiment a bit to see how they work: 'remove model' and 'cross-reference' are handy places to start.

Site with clickable list of neuroanatomical terms, with pictures.

If you're desperate to know about sulci, this manual with pictures may be helpful.

A less comprehensive (and more comprehensible) sulci description.